Appendix B: Extinction symbols and corresponding space groups


 

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Extinction Symbol

Space Groups

Monoclinic

1

P – 1 1

P211(3), Pm11(6), P2/m11(10)

2

P 21 1 1

P2111(4), P21/m11(11)

3

P b 1 1

Pb11(7), P2/b11(13)

4

P 21/b 1 1

P21/b11(14)

5

P c 1 1

Pc11(7), P2/c11(13)

6

P 21/c 1 1

P21/c11(14)

7

P n 1 1

Pn11(7), P2/n11(13)

8

P 21/n 1 1

P21/n11(14)

9

C – 1 1

C211(5), Cm11(8), C2/m11(12)

10

C n 1 1

Cn11(9), C2/n11(15)

11

B – 1 1

B211(5), Bm11(8), B2/m11(12)

12

B b 1 1

Bb11(9), B2/b11(15)

13

I – 1 1

I211(5), Im11(8), I2/m11(12)

14

I c 1 1

Ic11(9), I2/c11(15)

15

P 1 – 1

P2(3), Pm(6), P2/m(10)

16

P 1 21 1

P21(4), P21/m(11)

17

P 1 a 1

Pa(7), P2/a(13)

18

P 1 21/a 1

P21/a(14)

19

P 1 c 1

Pc(7), P2/c(13)

20

P 1 21/c 1

P21/c(14)

21

P 1 n 1

Pn(7), P2/n(13)

22

P 1 21/n 1

P21/n(14)

23

C 1 – 1

C2(5), Cm(8), C2/m(12)

24

C 1 c 1

Cc(9), C2/c(15)

25

A 1 – 1

A2(5), Am(8), A2/m(12)

26

A 1 n 1

An(9), A2/n(15)

27

I 1 – 1

I2(5), Im(8), I2/m(12)

28

I 1 a 1

Ia(9), I2/a(15)

29

P 1 1 –

P112(3), P11m(6), P112/m(10)

30

P 1 1 21

P1121(4), P1121/m(11)

31

P 1 1 a

P11a(7), P112/a(13)

32

P 1 1 21/a

P1121/a(14)

33

P 1 1 b

P11b(7), P112/b(13)

34

P 1 1 21/b

P1121/b(14)

35

P 1 1 n

P11n(7), P112/n(13)

36

P 1 1 21/n

P1121/n(14)

37

B 1 1 –

B112(5), B11m(8), B112/m(12)

38

B 1 1 n

B11n(9), B112/n(15)

39

A 1 1 –

A112(5), A11m(8), A112/m(12)

40

A 1 1 a

A11a(9), A112/a(15)

41

I 1 1 –

I112(5), I11m(8), I112/m(12)

42

I 1 1 b

I11b(9), I112/b(15)

Orthorhombic

43

P – – –

P222(16), Pmm2(25), Pmmm(47), Pm2m(25), P2mm(25)

44

P – – 21

P2221(17)

45

P – 21 –

P2212(17)

46

P – 21 21

P22121(18)

47

P 21 – –

P2122(17)

48

P 21 – 21

P21221(18)

49

P 21 21 –

P21212(18)

50

P 21 21 21

P212121(19)

51

P – – a

Pm2a(28), P21ma(26), Pmma(51)

52

P – – b

Pm21b(26), P2mb(28), Pmmb(51)

53

P – – n

Pm21n(31), P21mn(31), Pmmn(59)

54

P – a –

Pma2(28), Pmam(51), P21am(26)

55

P – a a

P2aa(27), Pmaa(49)

56

P – a b

P21ab(29), Pmab(57)

57

P – a n

P2an(30), Pman(53)

58

P – c –

Pmc21(26), P2cm(28), Pmcm(51)

59

P – c a

P21ca(29), Pmca(57)

60

P – c b

P2cb(32), Pmcb(55)

61

P – c n

P21cn(33), Pmcn(62)

62

P – n –

Pmn21(31), P21nm(31), Pmnm(59)

63

P – n a

P2na(30), Pmna(53)

64

P – n b

P21nb(33), Pmnb(62)

65

P – n n

P2nn(34), Pmnn(58)

66

P b – –

Pbm2(28), Pb21m(26), Pbmm(51)

67

P b – a

Pb21a(29), Pbma(57)

68

P b – b

Pb2b(27), Pbmb(49)

69

P b – n

Pb2n(30), Pbmn(53)

70

P b a –

Pba2(32), Pbam(55)

71

P b a a

Pbaa(54)

72

P b a b

Pbab(54)

73

P b a n

Pban(50)

74

P b c –

Pbc21(29), Pbcm(57)

75

P b c a

Pbca(61)

76

P b c b

Pbcb(54)

77

P b c n

Pbcn(60)

78

P b n –

Pbn21(33), Pbnm(62)

79

P b n a

Pbna(60)

80

P b n b

Pbnb(56)

81

P b n n

Pbnn(52)

82

P c – –

Pcm21(26), Pc2m(28), Pcmm(51)

83

P c – a

Pc2a(32), Pcma(55)

84

P c – b

Pc21b(29), Pcmb(57)

85

P c – n

Pc21n(33), Pcmn(62)

86

P c a –

Pca21(29), Pcam(57)

87

P c a a

Pcaa(54)

88

P c a b

Pcab(61)

89

P c a n

Pcan(60)

90

P c c –

Pcc2(27), Pccm(49)

91

P c c a

Pcca(54)

92

P c c b

Pccb(54)

93

P c c n

Pccn(56)

94

P c n –

Pcn2(30), Pcnm(53)

95

P c n a

Pcna(50)

96

P c n b

Pcnb(60)

97

P c n n

Pcnn(52)

98

P n – –

Pnm21(31), Pnmm(59), Pn21m(31)

99

P n – a

Pn21a(33), Pnma(62)

100

P n – b

Pn2b(30), Pnmb(53)

101

P n – n

Pn2n(34), Pnmn(58)

102

P n a –

Pna21(33), Pnam(62)

103

P n a a

Pnaa(56)

104

P n a b

Pnab(60)

105

P n a n

Pnan(52)

106

P n c –

Pnc2(30), Pncm(53)

107

P n c a

Pnca(60)

108

P n c b

Pncb(50)

109

P n c n

Pncn(52)

110

P n n –

Pnn2(34), Pnnm(58)

111

P n n a

Pnna(52)

112

P n n b

Pnnb(52)

113

P n n n

Pnnn(48)

114

C – – –

C222(21), Cmm2(35), Cmmm(65), Cm2m(38), C2mm(38)

115

C – – 21

C2221(20)

116

C – – (ab)

Cm2a(39), Cmma(67), C2mb(39), Cmmb(67)

117

C – c –

Cmc21(36), Cmcm(63), C2cm(40)

118

C – c (ab)

C2cb(41), Cmca(64)

119

C c – –

Ccm21(36), Ccmm(63), Cc2m(40)

120

C c – (ab)

Cc2a(41), Ccmb(64)

121

C c c –

Ccc2(37), Cccm(66)

122

C c c (ab)

Ccca(68), Cccb(68)

123

B – – –

B222(21), Bmm2(38), Bmmm(65), Bm2m(35), B2mm(38)

124

B – 21 –

B2212(20)

125

B – – b

Bm21b(36), Bmmb(63), B2mb(40)

126

B – (ac)-

Bma2(39), Bmam(67), B2cm(39), Bmcm(67)

127

B – (ac)b

B2cb(41), Bmab(64)

128

B b – –

Bbm2(40), Bbmm(63), Bb21m(36)

129

B b – b

Bb2b(37), Bbmb(66)

130

B b (ac)-

Bba2(41), Bbcm(64)

131

B b (ac)b

Bbab(68), Bbcb(68)

132

A – – –

A222(21), Amm2(38), Ammm(65), Am2m(38), A2mm(35)

133

A 21 – –

A2122(20)

134

A – – a

Am2a(40), Amma(63), A21ma(36)

135

A – a –

Ama2(40), Amam(63), A21am(36)

136

A – a a

A2aa(37), Amaa(66)

137

A(bc)- –

Abm2(39), Abmm(67), Ac2m(39), Acmm(67)

138

A(bc)- a

Ac2a(41), Abma(64)

139

A(bc)a –

Aba2(41), Acam(64)

140

A(bc)a a

Abaa(68), Acaa(68)

141

I – – –

I222(23), Imm2(44), Immm(71), I212121(24), Im2m(44), I2mm(44)

142

I – – (ab)

Im2a(46), Imma(74), I2mb(46), Immb(74)

143

I – (ac)-

Ima2(46), Imam(74), I2cm(46), Imcm(74)

144

I – c b

I2cb(45), Imcb(72)

145

I(bc)- –

Ibm2(46), Ibmm(74), Ic2m(46), Icmm(74)

146

I c – a

Ic2a(45), Icma(72)

147

I b a –

Iba2(45), Ibam(72)

148

I b c a

Ibca(73)

149

F – – –

F222(22), Fmm2(42), Fmmm(69), Fm2m(42), F2mm(42)

150

F – d d

F2dd(43)

151

F d – d

Fd2d(43)

152

F d d –

Fdd2(43)

153

F d d d

Fddd(70)

Tetragonal

154

P – – –

P4(75), P-4(81), P4/m(83), P422(89), P4mm(99), P-42m(111), P4/mmm(123), P-4m2(115)

155

P – 21 –

P4212(90), P-421m(113)

156

P 42 – –

P42(77), P42/m(84), P4222(93)

157

P 42 21 –

P42212(94)

158

P 41 – –

P41(76), P43(78), P4122(91), P4322(95)

159

P 41 21 –

P41212(92), P43212(96)

160

P – – c

P42mc(105), P-42c(112), P42/mmc(131)

161

P – 21 c

P-421c(114)

162

P – b –

P4bm(100), P-4b2(117), P4/mbm(127)

163

P – b c

P42bc(106), P42/mbc(135)

164

P – c –

P42cm(101), P-4c2(116), P42/mcm(132)

165

P – c c

P4cc(103), P4/mcc(124)

166

P – n –

P42nm(102), P-4n2(118), P42/mnm(136)

167

P – n c

P4nc(104), P4/mnc(128)

168

P n – –

P4/n(85), P4/nmm(129)

169

P 42/n – –

P42/n(86)

170

P n – c

P42/nmc(137)

171

P n b –

P4/nbm(125)

172

P n b c

P42/nbc(133)

173

P n c –

P42/ncm(138)

174

P n c c

P4/ncc(130)

175

P n n –

P42/nnm(134)

176

P n n c

P4/nnc(126)

177

I – – –

I4(79), I-4(82), I4/m(87), I422(97), I4mm(107), I-42m(121), I4/mmm(139), I-4m2(119)

178

I 41 – –

I41(80), I4122(98)

179

I – – d

I41md(109), I-42d(122)

180

I – c –

I4cm(108), I-4c2(120), I4/mcm(140)

181

I – c d

I41cd(110)

182

I 41/a – –

I41/a(88)

183

I a – d

I41/amd(141)

184

I a c d

I41/acd(142)

Trigonal/Hexagonal

185

P – – –

P3(143), P-3(147), P321(150), P3m1(156), P-3m1(164), P312(149), P31m(157), P-31m(162), P6(168), P-6(174), P6/m(175), P622(177), P6mm(183), P-62m(189), P6/mmm(191), P-6m2(187)

186

P 31 – –

P31(144), P3121(152), P3112(151), P32(145), P3221(154), P3212(153)

187

P – – c

P31c(159), P-31c(163), P63mc(186), P-62c(190), P63/mmc(194)

188

P – c –

P3c1(158), P-3c1(165), P63cm(185), P-6c2(188), P63/mcm(193)

189

R (obv) – –

R3(146), R-3(148), R32(155), R3m(160), R-3m(166)

190

R (obv)- – c

R3c(161), R-3c(167)

191

R (rev) – –

R3(146), R-3(148), R32(155), R3m(160), R-3m(166)

192

R (rev)- – c

R3c(161), R-3c(167)

193

R – – –

R3(146), R-3(148), R32(155), R3m(160), R-3m(166)

194

R – – c

R3c(161), R-3c(167)

195

P 63 – –

P63(173), P63/m(176), P6322(182)

196

P 62 – –

P62(171), P6222(180), P64(172), P6422(181)

197

P 61 – –

P61(169), P6122(178), P65(170), P6522(179)

198

P – c c

P6cc(184), P6/mcc(192)

Cubic

199

P – – –

P23(195), Pm-3(200), P432(207), P-43m(215), Pm-3m(221)

200

P 21 – –

P213(198)

201

P 42 – –

P4232(208)

202

P 41 – –

P4132(213), P4332(212)

203

P – – n

P-43n(218), Pm-3n(223)

204

P a – –

Pa-3(205)

205

P n – –

Pn-3(201), Pn-3m(224)

206

P n – n

Pn-3n(222)

207

I – – –

I23(197), I213(199), Im-3(204), I432(211), I-43m(217), Im-3m(229)

208

I 41 – –

I4132(214)

209

I – – d

I-43d(220)

210

I a – –

Ia-3(206)

211

I a – d

Ia-3d(230)

212

F – – –

F23(196), Fm-3(202), F432(209), F-43m(216), Fm-3m(225)

213

F 41 – –

F4132(210)

214

F – – c

F-43c(219), Fm-3c(226)

215

F d – –

Fd-3(203), Fd-3m(227)

216

F d – c

Fd-3c(228)

Triclinic

217

P –

P1(1), P-1(2)